Tentativa de suicídio por pessoas com transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias em tratamento / Intento de suicidio de personas con trastornos relacionados con el uso de sustancias en tratamiento / Suicide attempts by people with substances use disorders undergoing treatment

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à tentativa de suicídio por pessoas com transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias em tratamento nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de Álcool e outras Drogas. Método: estudo observacional e transversal realizado com 137 pessoas com transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias em tratamento em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de Álcool e outras Drogas de uma capital da região Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e novembro de 2018 por entrevista estruturada e submetidos à análise quantitativa descritiva, univariada e múltipla. Resultados: 51,8% dos participantes apresentaram ao menos uma tentativa de suicídio alguma vez na vida. Pensamentos suicidas ativos com intenção e com planejamento permaneceram associadas de modo independente ao histórico de tentativa de suicídio (RP: 2,87; IC: 1,04-7,91; p: 0,041). Na análise univariada houve associação entre tentativa de suicídio e dias de problema físico, intensidade dos pensamentos suicidas, comportamento preparatório, sentimentos depressivos, histórico familiar de transtorno mental, internamento em hospital psiquiátrico, importância de tratamento em saúde mental e prescrição de medicamentos. Conclusão: mais gravidade de pensamentos suicidas foi identificada como fator associado ao histórico de tentativa de suicídio. Enfatiza-se a importância da escuta ativa na prática profissional em saúde, do vínculo terapêutico e do acolhimento nos serviços de atenção à saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados al intento de suicidio de personas con trastornos relacionados con el consumo de sustancias en tratamiento en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y otras Drogas. Método: estudio observacional y transversal realizado con 137 personas con trastornos relacionados con el consumo de sustancias en tratamiento en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y otras Drogas de una capital del sur de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre abril y noviembre de 2018 a través de entrevistas estructuradas y sometidos a análisis cuantitativo descriptivo, univariado y múltiple. Resultados: el 51,8% de los participantes tuvo al menos un intento de suicidio en algún momento de su vida. Los pensamientos suicidas activos con intención y planificación permanecieron asociados de forma independiente con la historia de un intento de suicidio (RP: 2,87; IC: 1,04-7,91; p: 0,041). En el análisis univariado, hubo asociación entre intento de suicidio y días de problema físico, intensidad de pensamientos suicidas, comportamiento preparatorio, sentimientos depresivos, antecedentes familiares de trastorno mental, ingreso en un hospital psiquiátrico, importancia del tratamiento de salud mental y prescripción de medicamentos. Conclusión: la mayor gravedad de los pensamientos suicidas se identificó como un factor asociado a la historia de intento de suicidio. Enfatiza la importancia de la escucha activa en la práctica profesional de la salud, el vínculo terapéutico y la aceptación en los servicios de salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the factors associated with suicide attempts by people with substance use disorders undergoing treatment at the Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Other Drugs. Method: observational and cross-sectional study carried out with 137 people with substance use disorders undergoing treatment at Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Other Drugs in a capital city in the southern region of Brazil. Data were collected between April and November 2018 by structured interview and subjected to descriptive, univariate, and multiple quantitative analysis. Results: 51.8% of participants had at least one suicide attempt at some point in their lives. Active suicidal thoughts with intent and planning remained independently associated with the history of attempted suicide (PR: 2.87; CI: 1.04-7.91; p: 0.041). In the univariate analysis, there was an association between suicide attempt and days of physical problems, intensity of suicidal ideation, preparatory acts, depressive feelings, family history of mental disorder, hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, importance of mental health treatment and medication prescription. Conclusion: more severity of suicidal ideation was identified as a factor associated with a history of suicide attempt. It emphasizes the importance of active listening in professional health practice, the therapeutic bond and reception in health care services.

Trastornos temporomandibulares e índice de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados en personas con discapacidad psicosocial crónica internadas en el Hospital Psiquiátrico de la ciudad de Asunción, 2018 / Temporomandibular disorders and decayed, missing and filled teeth index in people with chronic psychosocial disability admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital of the city of Asunción, 2018

Introducción: Los pacientes con trastornos mentales están sometidos a un mayor número de factores de riesgo de enfermedades bucodentales y temporomandibulares. Ello debido a los efectos secundarios de las medicaciones que consumen, la falta de autocuidado, la dificultad para acceder a atención, la actitud hacia los profesionales sanitarios y también la falta de cooperación en los tratamientos dentales. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) y el índice de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados (CPO-D) en pacientes con discapacidad psicosocial crónica internados en el Hospital Psiquiátrico de la ciudad de Asunción, Paraguay. Material y Métodos: El estudio tuvo un diseño observacional descriptivo de corte transversal y fue aprobado por el comité de ética institucional. Participaron 139 personas con discapacidad psicosocial crónica de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, en el mes de mayo, 2018. Como instrumentos de medición se utilizaron: un cuestionario de 3 preguntas, el examen clínico con 5 indicadores para la variable presencia de TTM, el odontograma para el índice CPO-D y los expedientes clínicos. Resultados: Se encontró una población en su mayoría masculina, con un rango de edad entre 40-50 años, y un alto porcentaje de fumadores activos. Se observó que el 83,5 % de los examinados presentaba TTM. El índice CPO-D fue 22,8. Entre los signos de TTM, el ruido articular fue el más común. Conclusión: Se observó una elevada frecuencia de TTM en las personas con discapacidad psicosocial y un elevado índice CPO-D. Palabras Claves: Salud bucal, trastornos ATM, índice CPO, salud mental, psiquiatría, trastorno psicosocial.

Introduction: Patients with mental disorders are subject to a greater number of risk factors for oral and temporomandibular diseases. This is due to the side effects of the medication they consume, the lack of self-care, the difficulty in accessing medical help, the attitude of the patients towards health professionals and also the lack of cooperation in their dental treatments. Objective: To determined the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT) in people with chronic psychosocial disability admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital of the city of Asunción. Material and Methods: This descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was approved by the local ethics committee. One hundred and thirty-nine people with chronic psychosocial disabilities, of both sexes, over 18 years of age participated during May, 2018. The instruments used were a 3-item questionnaire, clinical examination with 5 indicators for presence of TMD, the odontogram for the DMFT index and the clinical charts. Results:A predominantly male population, with an age range between 40-50 years, and a high percentage of active smokers was found. TMD was found in 83.5% and the DMFT index was 22.8. Among the signs of TMD, joint noise was the most common. Conclusion:A high frequency of TMD was observed in people with psychosocial disabilities and a high CPO-D index. Key words: Oral health TMJ , disorder, DMF index, mental health, psychiatry

Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Common Mental Disorders in elderly living in São Paulo-SP-Brazil: population-based study / Adesão ao Padrão da dieta mediterrânea e Transtornos Mentais Comuns em idosos de São Paulo-SP-Brazil: estudo de base populacional

Introduction: The presence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) becomes more common with advancing age. The literature shows the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean Diet on the mental health of the elderly, but few studies have been conducted in Western countries. In addition, studies conducted in non-Mediterranean regions generally do not take into account the peculiarities of food, which do not always meet all the Mediterranean characteristics. Objective: (i) to describe the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, considering two points of view: including only foods characteristic of the original standard Mediterranean diet and including foods with non-Mediterranean characteristics (ii) to verify the association between the adherence to the two Mediterranean Dietary Patterns (MDP) and CMD in the elderly. Methods: cross-sectional population-based study; Data from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo were used. The presence of CMD was identified through the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20. The MDP was constructed using the Mediterranean Diet Score (calculated from data from two 24-hour dietary recall), considering two points of view: Mediterranean pattern origin-like (MPOL), which included only foods from the original Mediterranean diet; Mediterranean pattern including foods with non-Mediterranean characteristics (MPNM), which included foods submitted to procedures that diverge from the original dietary pattern. The other variables were identified through a previously structured questionnaire. The association between TMC and adherence to MPOL and MPNM was investigated through logistic regression models. The covariates for the adjustment were selected for biological plausibility. A significance level of 5% (p <0.05) was considered for final statistical tests. All data analyses were performed using Stata software (version 14). To accomplish the objectives of the present research, two manuscripts were elaborated. The aims of the 1st manuscript were: (i) describe the degree of adherence to this dietary pattern by elders from São Paulo-SP-Brazil; (ii) to identify modifications made in the form of intake of the different components of the original MDP, investigating associations with demographic and socioeconomic variables. The aims of the 2nd manuscript were: (i) To evaluate the association between the adherence to the MDP with the presence of mental disorders in these elders; (ii) To investigate these associations taking into account the two different points of view of MDP. Results: The 1st manuscript showed a moderate adherence to the two views of MDP. The greater adherence to the two proposed dietary patterns was characterized by higher intakes of vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals, legumes and greater proportion between monounsaturated and saturated lipids and, as well as lower consumption of meat and dairy products. MPOL and MPNM were associated with formal education and age, respectively. From the 2nd manuscript, we identified that moderate and high adherence to MPOL, compared to low adherence, was associated with a lower prevalence of CMD, after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, number of chronic diseases, per capita household income, physical activity and smoking status. The presence of CMD was not associated with MPNM adherence. Additionally, the presence of CMD was different between gender, physical activity and number of referred chronic diseases. Main conclusions (from the two manuscripts): the protective effect of MDP on CMD in elderly was observed only when the particularities of this diet were fulfilled. Other factors, associated to lifestyle, showed to be important to improve the associations with CMD. The results support the importance of programs that encourage the maintenance of healthy eating habits among the elderly

Introdução: A presença de Transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) torna-se mais frequente com o avançar da idade. A literatura evidencia os efeitos benéficos da Dieta mediterrânea sobre a saúde mental do idoso, porém poucos estudos foram realizados em países ocidentais. Ademais, os estudos realizados em regiões não mediterrâneas geralmente não levam em consideração as peculiaridades dos alimentos, que nem sempre atendem a todas as características mediterrâneas. Objetivos: (i) descrever a adesão ao padrão da dieta mediterrânea considerando dois pontos de vista: incluindo apenas alimentos característicos do original padrão da dieta mediterrânea e incluindo alimentos com características não mediterrâneas (ii) verificar a associação entre a adesão aos dois padrões da dieta mediterrânea (PDM) construídos e TMC em idosos. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional; foram utilizados dados do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo 2015 (ISA-Capital). A presença de TMC foi identificada através do Self Reporting Questionnaire-20. O PDM foi construído através do Escore da dieta mediterrânea (calculado com base em dois recordatórios alimentares de 24h), considerando dois pontos de vista: Padrão mediterrâneo similar ao original (PMSO) - com a inclusão de apenas alimentos originais da dieta mediterrânea; Padrão mediterrâneo com características não mediterrâneas (PMNM) - com a inclusão de alimentos que foram submetidos a procedimentos que divergem do padrão mediterrâneo original. As demais variáveis foram identificadas por meio de um questionário previamente estruturado. A associação entre TMC e a adesão ao PMSO e PMNM foi investigada por meio de modelos de regressão logística. As covariáveis para o ajuste foram selecionadas por plausibilidade biológica. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05) para os testes estatísticos finais. Todas as análises de dados foram realizadas utilizando o software Stata (versão 14). Para atender os objetivos da presente pesquisa, foram elaborados dois manuscritos. O manuscrito 1 teve como objetivos (i) descrever o grau de adesão ao PMD por idosos de São Paulo-SP-Brasil; (ii) construir dois pontos de vista do PMD, de acordo com as modificações frequentes na forma de ingestão dos diferentes componentes desse padrão dietético, investigando associações com variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. O manuscrito 2 teve como objetivos: (i) avaliar a associação entre a aderência ao PMD e transtornos mentais comuns nesses idosos; (ii) investigar essas associações levando em consideração as duas visões construídas para esse padrão. Resultados: No manuscrito 1 foi encontrada uma adesão moderada pelos idosos às duas visões do PMD. A maior adesão a ambas as visões do PMD foi caracterizada pela ingestão mais elevada de vegetais, frutas, oleaginosas, cereais, leguminosas e maior proporção de lipídios monoinsaturados e saturados, além de um menor consumo de carne e laticínios. O PMSO e o PMNM apresentaram associação com escolaridade e idade, respectivamente. No Manuscrito 2, identificou-se que as adesões moderada e alta ao PMSO, em comparação a uma baixa adesão, foram associadas a uma menor prevalência de TMC, após ajuste para sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal, número de doenças crônicas, renda domiciliar per capita, atividade física e tabagismo. Por sua vez, a presença de TMC não mostrou associação significativa com nenhum grau de adesão ao PMNM. Adicionalmente, a presença de TMC foi significativamente diferente entre os gêneros, a atividade física e o número de doenças crônicas referidas. Conclusões principais (a partir de ambos os manuscritos): o efeito protetor de uma maior adesão ao PDM sobre os TMC em idosos foi observado apenas quando as particularidades originais desse padrão foram atendidas. Outros fatores, associados ao estilo de vida, mostraram-se importantes para melhorar as associações com TMC. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a importância de programas que incentivem a manutenção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis entre idosos

Mental status and suicide probability of young people: A cross-sectional study

Summary Objective: The most important determinant of suicide ideation, tendency and initiative is the presence of mental disorders. Since the number of those who lost their lives due to suicide in the world rose rapidly among the young population, the World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of assessing young people in the high-risk age group to prevent suicidal behavior. This study aimed to determine psychological symptom levels and suicide probability in young people. Method: The cross-sectional research consisted of 15-24 year-old individuals (N=348), who have sought a psychiatric clinic between February and June, 2015. The Research Data was collected by applying Data Collection Form, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). SPSS 22.0 statistical package program was used for data analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the mean SPS scores according to education, psychiatric treatment, self-harm, smoking and drinking status of the participants in the study. Apart from this, there was also a statistically significant correlation between anxiety, depression, negative self and hostility according to the SPS and BSI subscales (p<0.001, r=0.739; p<0.001, r=0.729; p<0.001, r=0.747; p<0.001, r=0.715; respectively). Conclusion: The results of our study show that suicide risk is significantly higher in young people with depression, anxiety, negative self-perception and hostility symptoms. In this regard, we suggest the relevance of assessing the suicide risk of young people seeking a psychiatric clinic, with thorough attention to those who have high potential for suicide.

Predictors of length of stay in an acute psychiatric inpatient facility in a general hospital: a prospective study

Objective: There have been significant reductions in numbers of psychiatric beds and length of stay (LOS) worldwide, making LOS in psychiatric beds an interesting outcome. The objective of this study was to find factors measurable on admission that would predict LOS in the acute psychiatric setting. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study. Results: Overall, 385 subjects were included. The median LOS was 25 days. In the final model, six variables explained 14.6% of the variation in LOS: not having own income, psychiatric admissions in the preceding 2 years, high Clinical Global Impression and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores, diagnosis of schizophrenia, and history of attempted suicide. All variables were associated with longer LOS, apart from history of attempted suicide. Conclusions: Identifying patients who will need to stay longer in psychiatric beds remains a challenge. Improving knowledge about determinants of LOS could lead to improvements in the quality of care in hospital psychiatry.

Early psychiatric morbidity in a Brazilian sample of acute ischemic stroke patients

OBJECTIVE: Stroke is a major public health problem worldwide, and its neuropsychiatric sequelae are frequent and disabling. Furthermore, there is evidence that these sequelae impair recovery. Brazil has the highest stroke rates in Latin America, but data on the frequency of neuropsychiatric disorders in these patients are scarce. This study aimed to identify mental disorders among in-hospital patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus) was applied to 60 patients during the first week of hospitalization. RESULTS: Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 55% of the patients. A wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders have been identified, mainly mood and anxiety disorders. Specifically, we identified major depression (26.7%), alcohol abuse or dependence (11.7%), specific phobia (8.3%), generalized anxiety disorder (6.7%), psychosis (5.0%), social phobia (3.3%), adjustment disorder (3.3%) and panic disorder (1.7%). CONCLUSION: Psychiatric comorbidity should be evaluated as part of the rehabilitation of stroke patients and should be carefully examined by physicians.

Family of older adults with mental disorder: perception of mental health professionals / El sufrimiento psíquico en la familia del anciano: una percepción de los profesionales de salud mental / Família do idoso em sofrimento psíquico: percepção dos profissionais de saúde mental

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perceptions of healthcare professionals of the Psychosocial Care Centers regarding the family of older adults with mental disorders. Method: study of a Qualitative Case conducted with 12 healthcare professionals from a Psychosocial Care Center, with a convenient and exhaustive sample. Conducting semi-structured interviews to collect data, which were analyzed with the Content Analysis technique. Results: the following categories stood out: "Family exhaustion and deterioration in the perception of the healthcare professional" and "The abandonment of older adults by family members and their distancing in the perception of the healthcare professional." Final considerations: culpability of older adults and penalization of the family were verified by healthcare professionals. To bring awareness about the difficulties faced in the attempt to bring the family closer to the healthcare service, it is necessary to analyze the care given to the older adult and to overcome challenges in the effective construction of the bond between family, healthcare user and mental health service.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las percepciones de los profesionales del Centro de Atención Psicosocial sobre el sufrimiento psíquico en la familia del anciano. Método: estudio de caso cualitativo no aleatorizado con agotamiento de la muestra, del cual participaron doce profesionales del Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Para la recolección de datos se hizo entrevistas semiestructuradas, y después se los evaluaron desde el Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: las siguientes categorías fueron las más subrayadas: "El cansancio y el desgaste familiar desde la percepción del profesional" y "El abandono y el alejamiento del anciano por la familia desde la percepción del profesional". Consideraciones finales: se verificó la culpabilidad al anciano y la penalización de la familia desde la perspectiva de los profesionales. Con el propósito de concientizar las dificultades de acercarlo a la familia, es necesario crear espacios que discutan el cuidado a esta población, así como superar los retos para la efectiva construcción del vínculo entre familia, usuario y servicio de salud mental.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as percepções dos profissionais do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial acerca da família do idoso em sofrimento psíquico. Método: estudo de Caso Qualitativo conduzido com 12 profissionais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial com amostra composta por intencionalidade e fechada por exaustão. Realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas para coleta de dados, analisados por meio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: destacaram-se as categorias "O cansaço e o desgaste familiar na percepção do profissional" e "O abandono e o afastamento do idoso pela família na percepção do profissional". Considerações finais: verificou-se a culpabilização do idoso e a penalização da família pelos profissionais. Visando à conscientização das dificuldades em aproximar a família, é necessária a criação de espaços reflexivos sobre o cuidado a essa população, bem como a superação dos desafios na construção efetiva do vínculo entre família, usuário e serviço de saúde mental.

Suicide detection in Chile: proposing a predictive model for suicide risk in a clinical sample of patients with mood disorders

Objective: To analyze suicidal behavior and build a predictive model for suicide risk using data mining (DM) analysis. Methods: A study of 707 Chilean mental health patients (with and without suicide risk) was carried out across three healthcare centers in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. Three hundred forty-three variables were studied using five questionnaires. DM and machine-learning tools were used via the support vector machine technique. Results: The model selected 22 variables that, depending on the circumstances in which they all occur, define whether a person belongs in a suicide risk zone (accuracy = 0.78, sensitivity = 0.77, and specificity = 0.79). Being in a suicide risk zone means patients are more vulnerable to suicide attempts or are thinking about suicide. The interrelationship between these variables is highly nonlinear, and it is interesting to note the particular ways in which they are configured for each case. The model shows that the variables of a suicide risk zone are related to individual unrest, personal satisfaction, and reasons for living, particularly those related to beliefs in one’s own capacities and coping abilities. Conclusion: These variables can be used to create an assessment tool and enables us to identify individual risk and protective factors. This may also contribute to therapeutic intervention by strengthening feelings of personal well-being and reasons for staying alive. Our results prompted the design of a new clinical tool, which is fast and easy to use and aids in evaluating the trajectory of suicide risk at a given moment.

Tobacco addiction in the psychiatric population and in the general population / Dependência do tabaco entre a população psiquiátrica e a população geral / Dependencia del tabaco entre la población psiquiátrica y la población general

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the degree of tobacco addiction and identify independently associated factors by comparing the psychiatric population of secondary and tertiary care with the general population of the primary healthcare network. Method: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted in a municipality of São Paulo, with 134 smokers of a Mental Health Outpatient Unit (MHOU), a Psychiatric Hospital (PH), and a Primary Healthcare Unit (PHU). Data were collected by means of individual interviews, recorded on a mobile device. Data were statistically processed using Stata/12 Results: Of the 134 participants, 54.5% were women. While 49.1% of the psychiatric population (MHOU/PH) had medium/high nicotine addiction, 58.3% of smokers of the general population had very low/low dependency. The Poisson regression model indicated a higher prevalence of smokers with high dependence among men (PR = 1.41), people aged 49 years or less (15 - 29 years, PR = 4.06, 30 - 39 PR = 2.96 years, 40 - 49 years PR = 1.84), with severe mental disorders (PR = 3.05), with anxiety disorders/other (PR = 3.98), and with high suicide risk (PR = 1.55). Conclusion: Nicotine dependence was greater in the psychiatric population than in the general population. The independent factors associated with severe dependence were sex, age group, diagnosis, and current risk of suicide. These results trigger reflection among nurses on the need to focus more attention on a neglected subject in mental health services.

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar o grau de dependência do tabaco, identificando os fatores independentes associados e comparando a população psiquiátrica dos níveis secundário e terciário de atenção à saúde com a população geral da rede básica de saúde. Método: estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal, em um município paulista, com 134 fumantes do Ambulatório de Saúde Mental, do Hospital Psiquiátrico e de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, com registro das respostas em dispositivo móvel e o tratamento estatístico no Stata/12. Resultados: dos 134 participantes, 54,5% eram mulheres. Enquanto 49,1% da população psiquiátrica tinha média/elevada dependência do tabaco, 58,3% dos fumantes da população geral tinha dependência muito baixa/baixa. No modelo de regressão de Poisson, foi indicada maior prevalência de fumantes com dependência elevada entre os homens (Razão de Prevalência-RP de 1,41), pessoas com até 49 anos de idade (de 15 a 29 anos, RP=4,06; de 30 a 39 anos, RP=2,96; de 40 a 49 anos, RP=1,84), com transtornos mentais graves (RP=3,05), transtornos ansiosos/outros (RP=3,98) e com risco alto de suicídio (RP=1,55). Conclusão: a dependência do tabaco foi maior entre a população psiquiátrica que entre a população geral. Os fatores independentes associados à intensa dependência foram sexo, grupo etário, diagnóstico e risco atual de suicídio. A reflexão decorrente desses resultados contribui para que a enfermagem dê maior atenção ao tema, o qual é negligenciado nos serviços de saúde mental.

RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar el grado de dependencia del tabaco, identificando los factores independientes asociados y comparando a la población psiquiátrica en los niveles secundario y terciario de atención a la salud con la población general de la red básica de salud. Método: estudio epidemiológico de corte transversal, en un municipio del estado de São Paulo, con 134 fumadores del Servicio Ambulatorio de Salud Mental, del Hospital Psiquiátrico y de una Unidad Básica de Salud. Fueron realizadas entrevistas individuales, con registro de respuestas en dispositivo móvil. El tratamiento estadístico fue realizado con el programa Stata/12. Resultados: de los 134 participantes, un 54,5% eran mujeres. Mientras el 49,1% de la población psiquiátrica tenía media/alta dependencia del tabaco, el 58,3% de los fumadores de la población general tenía dependencia muy baja/baja. Entre los fumadores con dependencia elevada, el modelo de regresión de Poisson indicó un mayor predominio de personas de sexo masculino (Razón de Prevalencia-RP de 1,41), personas con hasta 49 años de edad (de 15 a 29 años, RP=4,06; de 30 a 39 años, RP=2,96; de 40 a 49 años, RP=1,84), con trastornos mentales graves (RP=3,05), trastornos de ansiedad/otros (RP=3,98) y con riesgo alto de suicidio (RP=1,55). Conclusión: la dependencia del tabaco fue mayor en la población psiquiátrica que en la población general. Los factores independientes asociados a la dependencia intensa fueron sexo, grupo etario, diagnóstico y riesgo actual de suicidio. La reflexión que arrojan estos resultados contribuye para que la enfermería le otorgue una mayor atención al tema, con el cual los servicios de salud mental se han mostrado poco comprometidos.

Recent illicit drug use among psychiatric patients in Brazil: a national representative study

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate factors associated to illicit drug use among patients with mental illness in Brazil according to gender. METHODS A cross-sectional representative sample of psychiatric patients (2,475 individuals) was randomly selected from 11 hospitals and 15 public mental health outpatient clinics. Data on self-reported illicit drug use and sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics were obtained from face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations with recent illicit drug use. RESULTS The prevalence of any recent illicit drug use was 11.4%. Men had higher prevalence than women for all substances (17.5% and 5.6%, respectively). Lower education, history of physical violence, and history of homelessness were associated with drug use among men only; not professing a religion was associated with drug use in women only. For both men and women, younger age, current hospitalization, alcohol and tobacco use, history of incarceration, younger age at sexual debut, and more than one sexual partner were statistically associated with illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS Recent illicit drug use among psychiatric patients is higher than among the general Brazilian population and it is associated with multiple factors including markers of psychiatric severity. Our data indicate the need for the development of gender-based drug-use interventions among psychiatric patients in Brazil. Integration of substance use treatment strategies with mental health treatment should be a priority.

Factors associated with problematic drug use among psychiatric outpatients / Fatores associados ao consumo problemático de drogas entre pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatoriais / Factores asociados al consumo problemático de drogas entre pacientes siquiátricos en ambulatorios

ABSTRACT Objective: to examine the factors associated with problematic drug use among psychiatric outpatients. Method: a cross-sectional study was carried out in two mental health services. Eligible individuals were patients of these mental health services, who used them within the data collection period. Instruments: standardized questionnaire with sociodemographic, social network, social harm, and clinical information; Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric statistics considering a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Study participants were 243 patients, with 53.9% of these presenting problematic drug use. Results: the most important independent predictors of problematic drug use were marital status (OR = 0.491), religious practice (OR = 0.449), satisfaction with financial situation (OR = 0.469), having suffered discrimination (OR = 3.821) and practicing sports activities in previous 12 months (OR = 2.25). Conclusion: the variables found to be predictors were those related to the social context of the patient, there, it is recommended that mental health services valorize psychosocial actions, seeking to know the social support network of patients, their modes of socialization, their financial needs, and their experiences of life and suffering.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao consumo problemático de droga entre pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatoriais. Método: estudo transversal em dois serviços de saúde mental. Foram considerados indivíduos elegíveis os usuários desses serviços de saúde mental, que os utilizaram dentro do período de coleta de dados. Instrumentos: Questionário padronizado sobre dados sociodemográficos, redes sociais, prejuízos sociais e informações clínicas; Teste de Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Cigarro e outras Substâncias (ASSIST); Escala de Impulsividade de Barratt; e Escala de Avaliação de Reajustamento Social de Holmes e Rahe. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se estatísticas paramétricas considerando um nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05. Participaram do estudo 243 pacientes, com 53,9% destes apresentando consumo problemático de drogas. Resultados: os preditores independentes mais importantes do consumo problemático de drogas foram o estado civil (OR = 0,491), a prática religiosa (OR = 0,449), a satisfação com a situação financeira (OR = 0,469), ter sofrido discriminação (OR = 3,821) e a prática de atividades esportivas nos últimos 12 meses (OR = 2,25). Conclusão: as variáveis consideradas preditoras foram aquelas relacionadas ao contexto social do paciente, e por isso, recomenda-se que os serviços de saúde mental valorize ações psicossociais, buscando conhecer a rede de suporte social dos pacientes, seus modos de socialização, suas necessidades financeiras e suas experiências de vida e sofrimento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados al consumo problemático de droga entre pacientes siquiátricos en ambulatorios. Método: estudio transversal en dos servicios de salud mental. Fueron considerados individuos elegibles los usuarios de esos servicios de salud mental, que utilizaron drogas dentro del período de recolección de datos. Instrumentos: cuestionario estandarizado sobre datos sociodemográficos, redes sociales, perjuicios sociales e informaciones clínicas; Test de Detección del Involucramiento con Alcohol, Cigarro y otras Sustancias (ASSIST); Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt; y Escala de Evaluación de Readecuación Social de Holmes y Rahe. El análisis estadístico fue realizada utilizando estadísticas paramétricas considerando un nivel de significación de p ≤ 0,05. Participaron del estudio 243 pacientes, con 53,9% de estos presentando consumo problemático de drogas. Resultados: los predictores independientes más importantes del consumo problemático de drogas fueron: el estado civil (OR = 0,491), la práctica religiosa (OR = 0,449), la satisfacción con la situación financiera (OR = 0,469), el haber sufrido discriminación (OR = 3,821) y la práctica de actividades deportivas en los últimos 12 meses (OR = 2,25). Conclusión: las variables consideradas predictoras fueron aquellas relacionadas al contexto social del paciente, y por eso, se recomienda que los servicios de salud mental valoricen acciones psicosociales, buscando conocer la red de soporte social de los pacientes, sus modos de socialización, sus necesidades financieras y sus experiencias de vida y sufrimiento.

Avaliação de desfechos perinatais/infantis em partos de pacientes com transtornos mentais maiores de um hospital psiquiátrico do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Adverse perinatal and infant outcomes among children born to mothers with major mental disorders in a psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Evaluación de los resultados perinatales/nacimientos infantiles en los pacientes con trastornos mentales en un hospital psiquiátrico de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

Desfechos perinatais/infantis constituem as principais causas de morbi-mortalidade infantil em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Dentre os fatores de risco, está a presença de transtornos mentais maternos. Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo baseado no seguimento passivo por meio do método de linkage probabilístico para verificar a prevalência de desfechos perinatais/infantis em pacientes internadas em um hospital psiquiátrico público do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, que tiveram partos durante o período de 1999 a 2009. As prevalências encontradas foram: baixo peso ao nascer (27,6%), prematuridade (17,4%), malformações (2,5%), óbitos fetais (4,8%) e neonatais (3,7%), sendo fatores associados o cuidado pré-natal insatisfatório, a presença de esquizofrenia e a baixa renda familiar. Os resultados reforçam que a prevalência de desfechos perinatais/infantis é elevada em mães com transtornos mentais maiores, sendo fundamental o rastreamento de sintomas psiquiátricos e o acompanhamento especializado por profissionais da saúde mental durante a assistência pré e pós-parto.

Adverse perinatal and infant outcomes are the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Brazil. Among the risk factors are maternal mental disorders. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted based on passive follow-up using probabilistic record linkage to estimate the prevalence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in children of women admitted to a public psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and who gave birth from 1999 to 2009. Prevalence rates were: low birth weight (27.6%), prematurity (17.4%), malformations (2.5%), stillbirths (4.8%), and neonatal deaths (3.7%). Associated factors were deficient prenatal care, schizophrenia, and low income. The results corroborate the high prevalence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in mothers with major mental disorders, and that screening of psychiatric symptoms and specialized care by mental health professionals are essential throughout prenatal and postpartum care.

Los resultados perinatales/nacimientos infantiles son las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en los países en desarrollo como Brasil. Entre los factores de riesgo está la presencia de trastornos mentales maternos. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal retrospectivo con seguimiento pasivo, por método de muestreo probabilístico, para estimar la prevalencia de resultados perinatales/nacimientos infantiles en pacientes ingresados en un hospital psiquiátrico público en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, donde se habían producido nacimientos durante el período de 1999 a 2009. Las tasas de prevalencia fueron: peso bajo al nacer (27,6%), prematuridad (17,4%), malformaciones (2,5%), muertes fetales (4,8%) y muertes neonatales (3,7%), los factores asociados son la atención prenatal deficiente, la presencia de esquizofrenia y bajos ingresos. Los resultados apoyan la prevalencia de efectos adversos en los resultados perinatales/nacimientos infantiles y es elevada en madres con trastornos mentales graves, siendo fundamental detección de síntomas psiquiátricos y asistencia especializada por profesionales de la salud mental durante la asistencia pre- y post-parto.

Nicotine dependence in the mental disorders, relationship with clinical indicators, and the meaning for the user / Dependência nicotínica nos transtornos mentais, relação com indicadores clínicos e o sentido para o usuário / Dependencia nicotínica en los trastornos mentales, relación con indicadores clínicos y el sentido para el usuario

OBJECTIVE: to identify the degree of nicotine dependence among patients with schizophrenia and other mental disorders hospitalized in a general hospital, correlating these indices with clinical indicators and the meaning for the user. METHOD: the study was performed in the psychiatric unit of a general hospital, interviewing 270 patients with mental disorders using a questionnaire and the application of the Fagerstrom test. A descriptive statistical analysis of the data and thematic analysis of the content were performed. RESULTS: among the 270 patients with mental disorders, 35.6% were smokers; of whom, 53.2% presented high or very high nicotine dependence. Of the 96 smokers, 32 (33.3%) were schizophrenic, among whom, 59.4% presented high or very high dependence. Higher levels of dependence were also found among the 59 elderly people (61.5%) and 60 subjects with somatic comorbidities (62.5%). Meanings of smoking for the subjects: helps to forget problems and face daily conflicts; alleviates side effects of the medications; self-control; distraction; part of life. CONCLUSION: more intense tobacco dependence among schizophrenic patients is justified due to it helping them to cope with the difficulties of the disease. Nurses occupy a strategic position in the care. .

OBJETIVO: identificar o grau de dependência nicotínica entre esquizofrênicos e portadores de outros transtornos mentais, internados em hospital geral, correlacionando esses índices com indicadores clínicos e o sentido para o usuário. MÉTODO: estudo realizado em unidade psiquiátrica de hospital geral, entrevistando 270 portadores de transtorno mental com questionário e aplicação do teste de Fagerström. Realizaram-se análise estatística descritiva dos dados e análise temática do conteúdo. RESULTADOS: dentre os 270 portadores de transtorno mental, 35,6% eram tabagistas e 53,2% com dependência nicotínica elevada ou muito elevada. Dos 96 tabagistas, 32 (33,3%) eram esquizofrênicos, dentre os quais 59,4% tinham dependência elevada ou muito elevada. Maior dependência também foi encontrada entre 59 idosos (61,5%) e 60 sujeitos com comorbidades somáticas (62,5%). Significados do tabagismo para os sujeitos: ajuda esquecer problemas e enfrentar conflitos diários, alivia efeitos colaterais das medicações, autocontrole, distração, faz parte da vida. CONCLUSÃO: a dependência do tabaco, mais intensa entre esquizofrênicos, é justificada por ajudá-los a enfrentar as dificuldades da doença. Enfermeiros ocupam posição estratégica no cuidado. .

OBJETIVO: identificar el grado de dependencia nicotínica entre esquizofrénicos y pacientes de otros trastornos mentales, internados en hospital general, correlacionando estos índices con indicadores clínicos y el sentido para el usuario. MÉTODO: estudio realizado en unidad psiquiátrica de hospital general, entrevistando 270 pacientes de trastorno mental con cuestionario y aplicando la prueba de Fagerstrom. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos y el análisis temático del contenido. RESULTADOS: entre los 270 pacientes de trastorno mental, 35,6% eran fumadores; 53,2% con dependencia nicotínica elevada o muy elevada. De los 96 fumadores, 32 (33,3%) eran esquizofrénicos, entre los cuales 59,4% tenían dependencia elevada o muy elevada. Mayor dependencia también fue encontrada entre 59 ancianos (61,5%) y 60 sujetos con enfermedades concomitantes somáticas (62,5%). Significados del tabaquismo para los sujetos: ayuda a olvidar problemas y enfrentar conflictos diarios; alivia efectos colaterales de los medicamentos; autocontrol; distracción; y, hace parte de la vida. CONCLUSIÓN: la dependencia del tabaco, más intensa entre esquizofrénicos, es justificada porque los ayuda a enfrentar las dificultades de la enfermedad. Los enfermeros ocupan una posición estratégica en el cuidado. .

Condições de trabalho nos ônibus e os transtornos mentais comuns em motoristas e cobradores: Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2012 / Working conditions on public buses and common mental disorders among drivers and fare collectors: Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2012 / Condiciones de trabajo y trastornos mentales en los conductores y cobradores: área metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2012

A prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) contribui para a carga mundial de doenças. O objetivo foi descrever a prevalência de TMC numa amostra de motoristas e cobradores da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e verificar se as condições do trânsito e as condições internas aos ônibus estavam associadas ao desfecho. Os respondentes foram 1.607 trabalhadores. A amostra não probabilística foi estimada de acordo com as quotas do efetivo distribuído nas empresas de ônibus (n = 17.470). As entrevistas face a face utilizaram o questionário digital. Trânsito ruim perdeu significância estatística na análise multivariável; renda mais elevada e condições de trabalho e de segurança inadequadas mantiveram-se associadas ao desfecho. Comportamentos nocivos e situação vulnerável de saúde foram associados com TMC. Abordar a saúde dos trabalhadores dos ônibus urbanos é uma rara contribuição que pode amparar a elaboração de políticas públicas dirigidas às populações metropolitanas.

Common mental disorders (CMD) contribute to overall burden of disease. The current study aimed to describe the prevalence of CMD among a sample of bus drivers and fare collectors in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, and investigate whether traffic conditions and conditions inside buses were associated with the outcome. This non-probabilistic sample of 1,607 workers was estimated from the size of the effective workforce (n = 17,470). Face-to-face interviews used a digital questionnaire with online data processing. Overall prevalence of CMD was 23.6%. Bad traffic conditions lost statistical significance in the multivariate analysis, while higher income and adverse working conditions and inadequate safety remained associated with the outcome. Harmful behavior and vulnerable health situations were associated with CMD. This study of urban bus workers' health is a unique contribution that can provide backing for public policies targeting metropolitan populations.

La prevalencia de enajenaciones mentales comunes contribuye a la carga mundial de enfermedades. El objetivo fue retratar la prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) en una muestra de conductores y cobradores del área metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, y verificar si las condiciones del tráfico y las condiciones del interior de los autobuses estaban asociadas al resultado. Los entrevistados fueron 1.607 trabajadores. La muestra no probabilística fue estimada de acuerdo con las cuotas del efectivo distribuido en las empresas de autobuses (n = 17.470). Las encuestas cara a cara utilizaron el cuestionario digital. El tráfico malo perdió significación estadística en el análisis multivariable; renta más elevada y condiciones de trabajo y de seguridad inadecuados se mantuvieron asociados al resultado. Comportamientos nocivos y situación vulnerable de salud se asociaron con TMC. Plantear la salud de los trabajadores de autobuses urbanos es una contribución rara que puede apoyarse la elaboración de políticas públicas dirigidas a las poblaciones metropolitanas.

Dolor perdurable II. Tratamiento / [Enduring pain II. Treatment].

Pain disorders present highly challenging therapeutic problems, owing in part to complex co-morbidities associated with pain disorders, notably including psychiatric disorders characterized by depressed mood or anxiety. Many treatments are employed to treat pain-disorder patients, and most are unsatisfactory. Virtually all analgesic medicines in long-term use provide only partial efficacy and present substantial risks of adverse effects, loss of benefit over time, or dependency and risk of abuse. Commonly employed drugs with analgesic properties include non-opioids (mainly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents [NSAIDs] or acetaminophen), many natural or synthetic opioids (including opiates and phenylpiperidines), some antidepressants (especially those with noradrenergic activity), a few anticonvulsants, skeletal muscle relaxants or topical remedies, and a growing variety of experimental treatments. The major overlap between pain and psychiatric disorders, as well as the currently unsatisfactory state of treatments available for chronic pain syndromes, encourage a comprehensive approach to assessment and clinical management of patients with chronic pain. Many current treatment programs for pain disorder patients offer narrowly specialized and incomplete treatment options. Ideally however, such care should be provided by multi-disciplinary teams with expertise in neurology, general medicine, pain management, physical medicine and rehabilitation, as well as psychiatry. Psychiatrists as well as pain specialists can serve an essential role in leading comprehensive assessment and general management of such complex and challenging patients who are typically only partially responsive to available treatments.

Dolor perdurable I. Nosología y epidemiología / [Enduring pain I. Nosology and epidemiology].

Pain disorders are extraordinarily prevalent throughout clinical medicine, and are highly co-morbid with various psychiatric disorders, particularly those including depression or anxiety. Assessment of such patients tends to be based on diagnostic criteria that may not reflect the complexity of the clinical problem and can result in prioritizing somatic aspects of painful syndromes at the expense of psychiatric aspects or, conversely, over-emphasize psychiatric aspects. In the first part of this overview we consider current nosological perspectives and their potential clinical consequences, epidemiological data that underscore the association of comorbid painful and affective or anxious syndromes, and consider the importance of psychiatric assessment and treatment of such patients. The major overlap between pain disorders and psychiatric disorders, as well as the unsatisfactory state of treatments available for chronic pain syndromes, encourage a comprehensive approach to assessing and clinically managing patients with chronic pain. Many programs for pain disorder patients offer narrowly specialized treatment options. To be preferred are multi-disciplinary teams with expertise in internal medicine, neurology, pain management, and rehabilitation, as well as psychology and psychiatry. In the second part of this overview, we propose that psychiatrists can serve a key role in leading comprehensive assessment and management of complex and challenging pain-psychiatric patients who are typically only partially responsive to available treatments.

Encefalopatía de Wernicke y polineuropatía asociada a déficit de complejo B después de una cirugía bariátrica / Wernicke´s encephalopathy and polyneuropathy associated with vitamin B complex deficiency after a bariatric surgery

La cirugía bariátrica es un tratamiento que garantiza una pérdida de peso sustancial y duradera, y beneficios tangibles respecto a condiciones médicas asociadas a la obesidad. El aumento del número de cirugías bariátricas ha llevado también a un aumento de las complicaciones relacionadas con ella, incluyendo la encefalopatía de Wernicke y la polineuropatía por deficiencia de vitaminas del complejo B. En este artículo se reporta un caso de encefalopatía de Wernicke siete semanas después de la cirugía, enfatizando en la importancia de reconocer el espectro de la sintomatología para hacer un diagnóstico temprano, que permita intervenir en la fase reversible de esta enfermedad potencialmente letal.

Bariatric surgery is a treatment that guarantees a substantial and lasting weight loss in addition to the tangible benefits relating to obesity-associated medical conditions. The increasing number of bariatric surgeries has revealed an increasing number of complications related to this procedure, including Wernicke´s encephalopathy and vitamin B deficiency polyneuropathies. Herein, a 7-week post-surgery case of Wernicke´s encephalopathy is presented that emphasizes the importance of an early recognition of these symptoms so as to initiate intervention during the reversible phase of these potentially lethal pathologies.

Duración de las licencias médicas FONASA por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento / Analysis of sick leaves due to mental and behavioral problems

Background: In Chile, the number of sick leaves due to mental health problems has systematically increased in recent years. Aim: To perform an analysis of sick leaves due to mental problems managed by the Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA) during 2008. Material and Methods: Analysis of all sick leaves awarded during 2008for mental or behavioral problems, that were managed at FONASA. A negative binomial regression, was performed to predict the effects of different variables on the total duration of sick leaves. Results: A total of546,477 sick leaves were awarded to 198,752 individuals (2.27per subject). The mean duration of each leave was 15.6 days. Summing all leaves, the lapse off work was 98 ± 96 days (median 65 days). Women had longer leaves than men. The type of medical leave, occupation, working for private or public institutions, economic activity and diagnosis were significantly associated with duration of time off work. Conclusions: Sick leaves for mental problems are prolonged and related to gender and socioeconomic variables.

The effectiveness of a non-pharmacological intervention for weight gain management in severe mental disorders: results from a national multicentric study / Efetividade de uma intervenção não farmacológica para manejo do ganho de peso em pacientes com transtornos mentais graves: resultados de um estudo multicêntrico

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a non-pharmacological intervention for weight gain management in severe mental disorders. METHOD: An open, multicentre interventional study was conducted in 93 mental health services. Patients concerned with weight gain were included in this study and received a 12-week 1-hour group intervention focused on nutrition counseling, lifestyle, physical activity and self-esteem. Weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: 1,071 patients were enrolled in the study, and 73.9 percent completed the 12-week intervention. Significant weight loss (Mean difference: 0.41, CI 95 percent: 0.18 to 0.64, p = 0.001) and a significant BMI reduction (Mean difference: 0.13, CI 95 percent: 0.04 to 0.22, p = 0.006) were observed. During the intervention 37 (4.4 percent) patients lost > 7 percent of their initial weight, 780 (92.5 percent) maintained their weight, and 26 (3.1 percent) of the patients had a meaningful weight gain (> 7 percent). There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients undertaking physical activity after the intervention (70.8 percent, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this 3-month open study we found a small weight and waist reduction, and increased physical activity practice, suggesting a trend towards anthropometric profile improvement. However, further randomized-controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and clinical relevance of this psychosocial intervention for weight gain.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção não farmacológica no manejo do ganho de peso para pacientes com transtornos mentais graves. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo aberto multicêntrico longitudinal em 93 serviços de saúde. Pacientes preocupados com o peso foram incluídos e participaram de uma intervenção em grupo de uma hora de duração durante 12 semanas com foco em educação alimentar, atividade física e autoestima. Peso, circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial foram avaliados antes e após a intervenção. RESULTADOS: 1071 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, 73,9 por cento completaram a intervenção. Foram observados diminuição de peso e índice de massa corporal significativos (peso: diferença da média: 0,41, IC 95 por cento: 0,18-0,64, p = 0,001; índice de massa corporal: diferença da média: 0,13, IC 95 por cento: 0,04-0,22, p = 0,006). Após a intervenção, 37 (4,4 por cento) pacientes perderam mais que 7 por cento do peso inicial, 780 (92,5 por cento) mantiveram o peso e 26 (3,1 por cento) dos pacientes apresentaram ganho de peso acima de 7 por cento. Houve aumento da proporção de pacientes que praticavam atividade física (70,8 por cento, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Encontramos uma pequena redução de peso e cinturae aumento de atividade física, sugerindo uma tendência à melhora no perfil antropométrico. Ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados são necessários para avaliar a eficácia e a relevância clínica dessa intervenção.

Prevalência de transtornos mentais nas tentativas de suicídio em um hospital de emergência no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Prevalence of mental disorders associated with suicide attempts treated at an emergency hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Há poucos estudos nacionais sobre prevalência de transtornos mentais nas tentativas de suicídio, os quais utilizararam principalmente dados secundários e instrumentos de rastreamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de transtornos mentais em 96 casos de tentativas de suicídio atendidos em hospital de emergência, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2006-2007), utilizando o Composite International Development Interview. A maioria da amostra consistiu em mulheres, jovens, baixa escolaridade e ingestão de medicamentos psicoativos como principal meio. Outros fatores: histórias prévias de tentativa e uso de álcool no momento do agravo. Os transtornos mentais mais freqüentes foram: episódio depressivo (38,9 por cento), dependência de substâncias psicoativas (21,9 por cento), transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (20,8 por cento), dependência de álcool (17,7 por cento) e esquizofrenia (15,6 por cento). A taxa total dos transtornos mentais foi de 71,9 por cento. Tais achados são mais próximos aos estudos em países em desenvolvimento. Além do acesso ao tratamento dos transtornos mentais, são necessárias políticas públicas que enfatizem o controle de meios e respostas sociais à redução do comportamento suicida.

There are few Brazilian studies on prevalence of mental disorders in suicide attempters. The available studies have mainly used secondary data and screening instruments. The principal objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in 96 suicide attempters seen in an emergency ward in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2006-2007) using the Composite International Development Interview. Most were female, young, and illiterate, and the main method was ingestion of psychoactive drugs. Other factors included history of prior attempts and use of alcohol at the time of attempt. The most frequent mental disorders were: depression (38.9 percent), use of psychoactive substances (21.9 percent), posttraumatic stress disorder (20.8 percent), alcohol abuse (17.7 percent), and schizophrenia (15.6 percent). Total prevalence of mental disorders was 71.9 percent. These findings are largely consistent with studies conducted in other developing countries. Besides access to treatment for mental disorders, public policies with an emphasis on the control of suicide methods and social responses for the reduction of suicidal behavior are needed.